Type 2 diabetes definition, symptoms, causes, treatment. Type 2 diabetes is a longterm medical condition in which your body doesnt use insulin properly, resulting in unusual blood sugar levels. The society for endocrinology, metabolism and diabetes of south africa. The role of triglyceride glucose index in development of type. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Explains the difference from type 1, causes of type 2, and treatment. Type 2 diabetes was previously called noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its. During digestion, food is broken down into its basic components. Aug 26, 2019 diabetes mellitus is a condition defined by persistently high levels of sugar glucose in the blood.
Type 2 diabetes definition, symptoms, causes, treatment, diet. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes usually runs in families and normally develops after the age of forty. Eat three balanced meals per day, no more than six hours apart. In the other, much more prevalent category, type 2 diabetes, the cause is a combination of. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of patients with diabetes and leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications that cause profound psychological and physical distress to both patients and carers and put a huge burden on healthcare systems. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the cells cannot use blood sugar efficiently to meet the bodys needs. Over time your pancreas isnt able to keep up and cant make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose levels normal. In type 2, the pancreas still makes insulin, but the cells cannot use it very efficiently. Diabetes mellitus definition is a variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors and usually characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of insulin, by excessive urine production, by excessive amounts of sugar in the blood and urine, and by thirst, hunger, and loss of weight. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. It was first reported in egyptian manuscript about 3000 years ago. Diabetes mellitus cases due to a known defect are classified separately.
Type 2 diabetes is initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. Type 2 type 2 diabetes was previously called noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes. Approximately half of the patients are unaware of their disease 22. If you have diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin, it cant use the insulin it does make very well, or both. Aug 03, 2016 type 2 diabetes is australias fastgrowing chronic disease, yet it can be prevented with the right diet and regular exercise. The main marker of diabetes is high blood sugar glucose. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. The cause is unknown type 2 dm begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Many people with type 2 diabetes have evidence of prediabetes impaired fasting glucose andor impaired glucose tolerance before meeting the. Reprints can be ordered at a nominal fee citation to cite these guidelines as a whole.
Ten percent of people with diabetes are diagnosed with type 1. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination and weight loss, but many people dont know they have it without a blood test. Type 1 dm results from the pancreass failure to produce enough insulin. Differentiate between and understand the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus dm and type 1 dm by recognizing underlying pathophysiologic characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory markers. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are adults, often older adults, but it can also occur in children. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes. A practical guide ebook, you should click the link listed below and download the ebook or get access to additional information which are in conjuction with management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores that do not heal. Diabetes mellitus definition of diabetes mellitus by. Pdf type 2 diabetes mellitus as a conformational disease. Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes 4.
The frequency of type 2 diabetes varies greatly within and between countries and is increasing throughout the world. Definition of diabetes mellitus, type 2 in the definitions. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes mellitus. Tips to help keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range 1. Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which your body cannot make enough insulin a hormone that helps control the amount of glucose or sugar in your blood, or does not properly use the insulin it makes. Also known as maturityonset diabetes, this is due to a relative insufficiency of insulin as a result of impaired sensitivity to the actions of the hormone insulin resistance. Type 2 dm most common type comprises 90 to 95% of dm cases most type 2 dm patients are overweight, and most are diagnosed as adults. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Diabetes mellitus type 2 formerly noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 diabetes, accounting for about 90 percent of all cases. Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes. It is hard for the body to use carbohydrates and fats. Clinical characteristics of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and a condition called gestational diabetes, which happens when pregnant. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in. You need to eat something sustainable that helps you feel better and still makes you feel happy and fed. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Being a doctor or a student, it is important for you to understand the disease better. Definition and di agnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance 2. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes. As such, there are four types or classes of diabetes mellitus viz. Diabetes mellitus is classified into four bro ad categories.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus definition of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is much more common and accounts for 9095% of all diabetes. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 510% of all diabetes in the united states. The growing pandemic of childhood obesity has led to marked increases in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus dm and has further complicated the differentiation between type 2 and type 1 dm because more children with type 1 dm are overweight at time of diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus dm is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been. Obesity, which necessitates larger quantities of insulin, insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus type 2 synonyms, diabetes mellitus type 2 pronunciation, diabetes mellitus type 2 translation, english dictionary definition of diabetes mellitus type 2.
In diabetes, the body does not use the food it digests well. After completing this article, readers should be able to. Aug 07, 2018 diabetes mellitus, also simply known as diabetes, is a condition in which the sugar levels in the blood exceed to a high extent. Who definition of diabetes mellitus health and fitness. Semdsa 2017 guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus diabetes care. Pdf diabetes mellitus dm also known as simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic. To download management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care.
The role of triglyceride glucose index in development of. Eat a combined total of at least 7 servings of vegetables and fruit each day. Read ebook management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in. Type 2 diabetes is australias fastgrowing chronic disease, yet it can be prevented with the right diet and regular exercise. Reproduction of the semdsa 2017 guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in whole or in part, is prohibited without written consent of the semdsa executive committee. Type 2 diabetes is more common in people of african, africancaribbean and south asian family origin.
Ppt diabetes mellitus powerpoint presentation free to. Diabetes mellitus type 2 definition of diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes, your body does not use insulin properly. There does appear to be a genetic component to type 1 diabetes, but the cause has yet to be identified. The world health organization definition of diabetes both type 1 and type 2 is for a single. Type 2 diabetes t2d, formerly known as adultonset diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Download how to classify type 2 diabetes mellitus and approach its. Diabetes mellitus an overview sciencedirect topics. Whether you have already been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or are prediabetic and hoping to avoid fullblown diabetes, this easytounderstand book teaches you how to maintain a healthy lifestyle and good blood glucose control so that you can prevent longterm.
Many people with type 2 diabetes have evidence of prediabetes impaired fasting glucose andor impaired glucose tolerance before meeting the criteria for type 2 diabetes. More than 3 million canadians have diabetes and more than 90% of these have type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis, classification and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus pdf all medical pdfs download pdf. People with type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes mellitus synonyms, type 2 diabetes mellitus pronunciation, type 2 diabetes mellitus translation, english dictionary definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Risk factors are less well defined for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of this type of diabetes. Read online how to classify type 2 diabetes mellitus and approach its. Treatment options include medications, a type 2 diabetes diet, and other lifestyle changes. Classification of diabetes mellitus is based on its aetiology and clinical presentation. Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm diabetes diagnosed in the second or third. This happens when the cells become insensitive to insulin and the blood sugar gradually gets too high there are two types of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2.
Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which cells cannot use blood sugar glucose efficiently for energy. Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and may be further classified into various types depending on symptomatology and presentation. In type 2 diabetes adult onset diabetes, the pancreas makes insulin, but it either doesn. Type 1 is the most common form of diabetes in people who are under age 30, but it can occur at any age. The traditional paradigms of type 2 diabetes occurring only in adults and type 1. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Information and translations of diabetes mellitus, type 2 in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. For example, a person diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus gdm may continue to be hyperglycemic after delivery and may be determined to have, in fact, type. Features type 1 type 2 age of onset usually less than 20 years usually greater than 30 years body mass low wasted to normal obese plasma insulin low or absent normal to high initially plasma glucagon high, can be suppressed high, resistant to suppression. Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes in people who are genetically predisposed to the disease. This type of diabetes is where the body makes some insulin but not nearly enough to function properly or use the insulin they do produce effectively. Assigning a type of diabetes to an individual often depends on the circumstances present at the time of diagnosis,andmanydiabeticindividuals do not easily. The outcome is type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm defined as one of the following.
This free content is available to registered users. Type 2 diabetes t2d, formerly known as adultonset diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is. Semdsa 2017 guidelines for the management of type 2. In type 1 diabetes there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune induced loss of insulinproducing beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus dm is best defined as a syndrome characterized by inappropriate fasting or postprandial hyperglycemia, caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and its metabolic consequences, which include disturbed metabolism of protein and fat. Definition and diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Type 2 diabetes is caused by several different risk factors, and affects 90% of canadians. How to classify type 2 diabetes mellitus and approach its. The other specific types are a co llection of a few dozen. Work to find helpful tips and diet plans that best suit your lifestyleand how you can make your nutritional intake work the hardest for you. Diabetes mellitus pdf download pdf files of all medical. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be defined as a conformational disease because a constituent beta cell protein, islet amyloid polypeptide, undergoes a change in tertiary. It is estimated that about 90% of adults currently diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
This is noninsulin dependent diabetes and usually occurs in adulthood. Becoming a registered user only requires your name and email address. Review article diabetes mellitus a devastating metabolic. Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. A huge part of managing type 2 diabetes is developing a healthy diet. A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can aid discrimination between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults.
318 610 475 133 185 595 1450 1072 492 570 1187 1470 672 1550 663 1571 305 854 395 1010 292 1109 9 792 1361 844 1081 1142 223 626 1027 461 621